Iris Center Learning Module Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Iris Center Learning Module Paper - Essay Example It helps accelerate student achievement in reading, giving them opportunities to improve their self-esteem. It also encourages on-task behavior and student participation since it allows students more opportunities to do so since they are paired in dyads and not have to content with competing within a whole group. Most of all, it is enjoyable for children and very motivating for them because of the collaboration they maintain towards particular tasks. In doing so, it forges positive social interaction between students. PALS enhances the reading skills of all children but it targets specific age-appropriate skills in each level. Kindergarten children learn phonological awareness and the decoding and recognition of words. First grade students build on the skills learned from Kindergarten and in addition, they learn to decode and comprehend text and to read more fluently. Tapping such skills helps the students perform better on standardized and informal reading tests. The teacher ranks the students based on their reading performance. Usually, the Rapid Letter Naming (RLN) test is used to measure letter recognition and future reading performance. However, grouping for Kindergarten and First grade differs. For Kindergarten, the teacher pairs the highest-performing student with the lowest-performing student. Pairing follows the order from there with the next highest-performing student with the next lowest-performing student and so on until all the students have been paired. With First Graders, the teachers divides the rank-order list in half then pairs the top high-performing student with the top low-performing student and the process continues till all the students have found their match. This kind of pairing may include children with disabilities in the pairing so it is highly possible that a low-performing student with disability is paired with a high-performing student

Emerson and Thoreau Essay Example for Free

Emerson and Thoreau Essay Ralph Waldo Emersons American Scholar highlights three influences that affect the minds learning process. The things by which helps to educate man are nature, books, and through action. Mans mind is like nature, vast and holds many secrets to be uncovered and enjoyed. How nature unfolds is like the unfolding of the mind; what laws govern it are those created by the mind. As for books, Emerson recommends that man should only learn from them exact science and historical events. He asserts that books should be used for inspiration and read during idle times. Books should not be used as the bible of the learning man. They should not be taken to be truth, for the realities of the past may not hold true in the present. Lastly, Emerson encourages the scholar to take part in labor, service, and discourse. These activities are the manifestations of his thoughts. Without action, Emerson says that a scholar has not become fully a man. 2. During Henry David Thoreaus time, he was dissatisfied with how the government ran the country. His resistance was mainly founded on the issue of slavery, for which he was greatly opposed. As a way of expressing this criticism he wrote Civil Disobedience detailing what he thought was wrong with government and how it can be remedied. He asserts in the essay that the citizens have a duty to speak out when he sees and experiences wrong governance. He likened the government to machine without a conscience that should not be allowed to bring injustice and enslave the people. Thoreaus resistance to what he saw as injustice is not a form of treason. He felt it his duty to speak out and bring positive change to his country. He encourages citizens to take a more active role and resist the unjust dictates of a conscience-less machine. Thoreau postulates that the best government is one that does not interfere too much with its citizens.

The Business process of the Ferrero organization

The Business process of the Ferrero organization Introduction For my Business Process module of the BA Business Enterprise course I looked into several companies, some small and some large. However, still undecided on which company to pursue, I took a walk to my local shop to buy my two sons a special treat. The shop has a vast array of goodies for children including both chocolate and toys. My two boys both wanted a Kinder Surprise egg as they get both chocolate and a toy. This made me think, I remember Kinder Surprise eggs when I was a small boy and how excited I use to get when I went to the shop to buy one. This made me think, how a product can maintain the reputation, sales and recognition from generation to generation without fading away or being challenged by competitors? With all this in mind I decided to base my project on the Ferrero Company. During the research gathering process I have compiled the following reasons why Ferrero will be an ideal company for my project:- Massive company growth and Globalisation Multi Generational Marketing (Kinder Surprise Egg) Devotion and relationship with all their employees Outstanding contribution to the community Problems the company has faced in the past Strategic advantage over competitors Dedication to their Corporate and Social Responsibility Utilising IT development to enhance distribution Relationship with competitors One of the top ten confectioners in the world This project (Course work 1) will introduce you to the Ferrero Company itself, its fantastic history and I will also talk about its massive global success. I will explain the Organisational structure of the company, the five levels of resources (Strategic, Tangible, Intangible, Unique and Core Competences) and compile a PESTEL report. Ferrero The Beginning Born in 1898, Pietro Ferrero began his career as a pastry maker in Dogliani, Italy. He opened his first pastry shop in Turin but was forced to move to Alba during World War II. Ferrero sought to develop new products in order to overcome the short supply of traditional pastry ingredients. By the end of the war, Ferrero had developed a new spread which combined hazelnuts, cocoa butter and vegetable oil. Ferrero called the paste pasta gianduja which he began selling in 1946. In that year his brother, Giovanni and son, Michele joined the company which had now been incorporated as Ferrero SpA. By the end of 1946 the company had employed more than 50 workers and had approx 200 delivery vans distributing their product around Italy. In their first year sales had topped  £660, Ferrero began contracting farmers to ensure the supply of hazelnuts continued and at the same time improving their quality. 1948 On 4th September 1948 a huge flood had isolated the factory and put its existence in great danger. However, due to the fantastic relationship the family had with all their workers, they all; including Pietro and Giovanni worked solidly for 4 days and 4 nights in order to save the factory. On 2nd March 1949, Pietro Ferrero died aged 51, his brother Giovanni took the Helm. The 50s By the 1950s Ferrero had developed its own efficient distribution network around Italy and opened several depots. By 1954 Ferrero was a household name in Italy. 1956 In 1956 Ferrero opened its first factory abroad in Stadallendorf, Germany. They produced just two products for the German market and both had an extraordinary success. 1957 Giovanni Ferrero died in 1957 and Michele Ferrero took the helm. Michele renewed the production plants in order to boost production through increased technology and sophisticated machinery The 60s Ferrero moved into France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, UK, Austria, Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland. In 1964 Michele Ferrero created Nutella In 1968 he launched the Kinder Chocolate, especially made for children. The 70s 80s Ferrero USA opened in 1969 followed by Canada, Latin America, South East Asia and Australia. By the 1980s Ferrero was strategically placed in all five continents. In 1985 two new production plants were opened in Southern Italy to help the people devastated by the Irpinia earthquake. The 90s Ferrero developed into Eastern Europe including Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic along with a new plant in Poland. Again in November a terrible flood hit Italy killing many people and damaging the Alba plant. Production was interrupted but just like back in 1948, the employees worked alongside the Ferrero to rebuild the plant and get back on its feet. Some of the employees helping to rebuild the plant had just lost their homes to the flood. In 1997, Michele Ferreros sons Pietro and Giovanni became Chief Executive Officers of Ferrero International. The 2000s In 2006 a new production plant in Canada was opened and by 2009 there was more than 20,000 employees worldwide, over 20 different products and a turnover of more than 6 billion Euros. Business Units Years Production Plants Years Germany 1956 Italy Alba 1946 Belgium 1958 Germany 1956 France 1960 France 1960 Italy 1964 Italy Pozzuolo 1965 United Kingdom 1966 Australia 1974 Switzerland 1966 Ireland 1975 Sweden 1968 Ecuador 1975 Austria 1971 Italy Balvano 1985 Ireland 1975 Italy SantAngelo 1985 Netherlands 1980 Belgium 1989 Spain 1988 Poland 1992 Poland 1992 Argentina 1992 Luxembourg 1993 Brazil 1994 Hungary 1994 Canada 2006 Czech Republic 1994 Cameroon 2006 Russia 1997 India 2007 Ukraine 2003 South Africa 2007 Croatia 2003 Russia 2009 Greece 2005 Repackaging Centre Years Romania 2006 United States 1969 USA 1969 Social Enterprises Years Canada 1974 Cameroon 2004 Australia 1974 South Africa 2005 Puerto Rico 1975 India 2007 Hong Kong 1976 Japan 1978 Argentina 1992 Mexico 1992 Brazil 1994 Sri Lanka 2004 India 2004 South Africa 2004 Turkey 2005 China 2006 Ferreros main competitors are Kraft Foods, Mars and Nestle, however you will see in Course work 2 how integrating with the competitors can be of a huge benefit to all parties and the environment. Success I believe Ferrero is one of the world leaders when it comes to business growth and success, this I have measured by the following means Phenominal amount of Global business units and Production plants Amount of Employees The annual turnover Their ability to develop their own production machinery in order to gain a strategic advantage over competitors Their use of Multi Generational marketing (Kinder Surprise) Their contribution to society and charitable work Annual profit of  £6 billion More than 20 different products From the small pastry shop in 1946, Ferrero has become according to Forbes (http://www.forbes.com/2009/05/06/world-reputable-companies-leadership-reputation-table.html) the worlds most reputable company as of May 2009. As shown by the history of Ferrero, the growth of the company has been outstanding; this is mainly due to the passion and commitment of its owners and employees as well as the development of its unique brands and its commitment to develop its own production machinery to maintain its strategic edge. Ferrero group dedicate a lot of their time and money into other schemes such as Opera Sociale set up as a group to help and welcome retired employees and give them a sense of belonging. Social Enterprises, Ferreros commitment to enhancing the living conditions and develop the populations in some of the poorest areas in the world. United Kinder of the World, is set up to enhance the health and development of children and young people. Kinder + Sport, developed to promote a healthy lifestyle and encourage sports. Since 2007, Kinder + Sport has involved more than 6 million children worldwide in activities in 17 countries. Has you can see Ferreros success isnt just measured by the amount of awards it has won or the amount of profit it has made. I believe the level of success that Ferrero has achieved can be seen on the faces of the people and children that the company aid as well as the commitment by all employees. The company Moto of Work, Create, Donate is a clear target of what the company aims to achieve and clearly they have achieved this, thus successful. Organisational Structure The table below displays the number of employees and how it is subdivided; these figures are taken from the CSR Report 2009, Number of Employees As of 31/08/2009 Workers 12,993 (60%) Employees 6,067 (28%) Executives and Officers 1,724 (8%) Managers 771 (4%) Total 21,555 Type of Contract As of 31/08/2009 Indefinite Contracts 17,460 (81%) Fixed Term Contracts 4,095 (Including seasonal workers 11%, interns 1% and fixed term contracts 7%) Total 21,555 44% of employees are women and 56% are men. 83% of staff are based in Europe The Ferrero Company is based around a Functional Structure with their main Headquarters being in Italy. The Ferrero board will meet and discuss initiatives and business and then forward on their decisions to each Director of each separate sub company i.e. Ferrero Belgium Ferrero Germany. The companies are run in a mirror image scenario, each sub company will have its own HR team, Production team, marketing and purchasing team. However each sub company will run exactly like each other in respect of what product they are producing, how the HR Function is run and where they get their produce. The only difference will come from the marketing team because each country has a different social network and need. The Ferrero Company also works on Standardising inputs and outputs model. Each sub company are standardised to what they produce, how they produce it, how the HR Function is run, where they get their produce and how their staff are trained. Ferrero have endorsed a huge training package for all employees run by the Ferrero Learning Lab which encompasses several training packages to cover all aspects i.e. Managerial, Nutritional and technical. With this standardisation approach, Ferrero have been able to offer exactly what they do national but globally, without any major issues and disparity. PESTEL Analysis FERRERO Pestel Analysis Political Negative Positive With any company dealing globally, the risk of countries becoming unstable and possible war is always going to be a risk to production and distribution worldwide. Ferrero has grown considerably since 1946; this has been possible due to the rapid increase in the European Union, from starting out with 6 members it has now grown to having 27 member states. This growth has allowed for the harmonisation between several countries and its overseas distributions and has allowed for easier expansion through standardised strategies. Ferreros continued support to its Social Responsibilities, mainly that of its support to third world countries has allowed for an excellent relationship and reputation world wide, this has assisted Ferrero with its continued growth throughout these countries. Economic Negative Positive Increase in VAT rate and import costs may have an affect on consumer purchasing and may increase the price on products due to both these increases. Price increase on products may not affect sales due to extremely strong brand reputation with the consumers. Ferrero and Mars have teamed up on a joint distribution initiative, both products will be distributed to the same warehouse and then both distributed out together. This will decrease the distribution costs. Social Negative Positive Sales of confectionary products as a whole decrease during summer months. (see graphs below) Kinder Surprise egg utilises Multi Generational Marketing and has become a collectible item worldwide. Each country produces its own toys in respect to its countries niche at the time. E.g. Super mini Smurf parade issued in Germany. It is a well known fact that more chocolate is sold at Christmas and Easter than any other times and will continue to do so. The reputation institute in New York awarded Ferrero 1st Place as the company with the best overall reputation with the consumer public. Excellent long term relationships with suppliers. Technological Negative Positive Ferrero implemented the SAP Extended warehouse development application which will increase distribution, decrease wastage, increase production, increase distribution timeliness and maximise storage capacities. Ferrero have developed at least 50% of their own production machinery and technology in order to hold a strategic advantage over their competitors. Environmental Negative Positive The prospects of global warming will always be an issue with regards to growing and producing its raw materials i.e. Cocoa, palm oil and sugar cane. Ferrero prides itself on its contribution to protecting the environment and is actively contributing to saving energy and increasing raw material production. The Corporate Social Responsibility report 2009 details all contributions and future projects Ferrero have implemented and are implementing. The 5R recycling project by Ferrero on all packaging it produces helps the environment and the companys reputation. Legal Negative Positive The Kinder Surprise Egg was banned in the USA since 1997 due to the Consumer Product Safety Commission deeming it being a hazard to small children because it may contain a choking hazard. The Egg also falls foul to the US 1938 Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic act which prohibit embedding non-nutritive items in confections. Ferrero counter acted the US Laws by producing and selling the Kinder chocolate without the surprise, this was again a huge success. The Kinder Surprise egg however, is still sold illegally around the US by shops importing them in from other countries. The law as made the Kinder Egg some what a highly sort collectible in the US and as indirectly assisted in the marketing of the egg. This graph below shows the average sales of the Sugar and Chocolate sales throughout the year (calculated in weeks). As mentioned in the PESTEL Report the summer moves takes a clear dip in sales. The graph below shows Ferreros annual turnover in 2006 driven by season. The red line represents the average sale during the year. As you can see 80% of sales were achieved out of the summer months and only 20% during the summer months. Resources Strategic Capabilities Tangible Resources Intangible Resources Unique Resources Core Competencies Produce 50% of its own production machinery and technology Ferrero have production plants and offices worldwide Excellent worldwide reputation Powerful brand name with the Kinder Surprise and TIC TAC mints Kinder surprise has become a collectors item worldwide and will continue to do so The new implementation of the new distribution and warehousing IT software All employees are motivated and made to feel like part of the Ferrero family High level of training provided Developed their own unique product the chocolate and hazelnut paste Cremino Teamed up with Mars to increase distribution speed and cut cost and help cut down CO2 emissions Excellent Training and Human resource management Unique ties with raw material sources worldwide Multi generational marketing Coursework 2 CW2 will be focussing on Ferreros Value chain, Supply chain management, SWOT Analysis and I will be make my own conclusions and recommendations on Ferrero

Colonization and Wealth in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and Chinua

Colonization and Views on Wealth in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart The novels Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe share a common theme; both deal with the colonization of Africa by settlers from Europe. When one examines the motives for this imperialist attitude in each book, one notices that in both books the motivation for colonization revolves around the gaining of wealth. However Conrad and Achebe define wealth differently. In Heart of Darkness the Europeans view wealth economically, such as the trading of ivory. In Things Fall Apart the idea of wealth is viewed by Europeans as belonging to and spreading the European culture and religion. Despite these different definitions of wealth, both groups of Europeans obtain their wealth by assuming a position of power over the Africans. However, the Africans in Things Fall Apart have an opposing view of wealth; that of peace and status within their society. Because of this they achieve wealth in a different manner than the Europeans. These methods of acquiring wealt h suggest that the conflicts in Africa are a result of the colonization efforts of the Europeans. The main reason for colonization of Africa by Europeans is for profit. In the novel Heart of Darkness, profit comes from the ivory that the Europeans receive from trade agreements with the Africans. This desire is evident as suggested in this quote: â€Å"The only real feeling was a desire to get appointed to a trading-post where ivory was to be had, so that they could earn percentages† (Conrad 42). This statement shows that all the Europeans want from Africa is ivory. Therefore, it can be assumed that one of the main reasons that colonization to... ...onial conflict is entirely one sided. The Europeans have been shown to define wealth as gaining money and spreading their religion, therefore they can be seen as the aggressors in this conflict, reaching outside of their area for personal gain and profit. To obtain this wealth they assume a position of power over the Africans by enslaving them and using their knowledge to overthrow the African culture and religion. The Africans view of wealth and their method for obtaining this wealth in no way involves the Europeans. All that the Africans wanted to do was to continue living on their own and to not be intruded upon. From this, one can see that the colonial conflict is entirely due to the Europeans desire for wealth. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor Books, 1994. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: Penguin Books, 1999.

Adopting Telemedicine in developing countries

ICTs are technologies that have spread widely and are cheaper for use by the general public. Even though information and communication technologies could tackle some of the heath care challenges that face the modern society, the utilization of ICTs is faced by numerous challenges for social as well as historical transformations that are associated with other natural rights.The case is not different in the field of telemedicine. Telemedicine is an example of ICT that has been used in the world for over forty years. Modern telemedicine applications employ high quality image and video in addition to audio capacities.These technologies range form excellent resolution still images to complex teleconferencing apparatus. Recent developments in ICT are encouraging and they include the use of internet, wireless ICT diffusion, and the exchange of medical information electronically in addition to remote consultations.Infrastructure factures that have an effect on the outcomes of telemedicine in clude: the national ICT infrastructure in addition to the governments preparedness, approach, as well as policies towards information and communication technology. Technically sophisticated telemedicine applications are currently employed across a wide range of healthcare settings.This technology allows medical personnel to transmit images through mobile phones and sophisticated wireless devices (Martà ­nez, Villarroel, Seoane, and Pozo 2005, p. 1).3.1.2 E-Health PoliciesVarious shareholders of the telemedicine sector have numerous opportunities to become deeply involved in the development policies that affect the industry. Shareholders of this sector include vendors of information technology, manufacturers of medical devices, health care professionals, decision makers and the government.E-health policies are set in such a way as to improve network capacity, enhance ability of transcending geo-political, social, economic and cultural obstacles.Policies should be set in such a way a s to allow teleconsultation beyond national borders. Patients in addition to medical care professionals should be offered with a chance of seeking evidence based opinion as well as treatment from overseas through teleconsultation (Lee, Mun, Levine and Ro 2000, p. 28).3.3 Capabilities of health sector institutionThe modern health care system has undergone numerous modifications in order to meet the ever increasing heath needs of the population. One of the modifications is the implementation of telecommunication in health care. All modifications in the health care sector are carried out with the patient being the center of focus.Telemedicine and telegraphy are some of the most recent telecommunication strategies that have been incorporated in the health care sector. Currently, digital images of a patient can be sent over a wireless device to a medical personnel and medical consultations carried out over the internet (Tanriverdi and Iacon, 1998, p, 40).3.4 Analysis of Telemedicine case studies in developing countriesThe emergence to telemedicine is associated with the search for communication-oriented solutions to make it easy for rural populations to access medical services. Telemedicine is considered as one of the most appropriate ways through which contemporary medical services can reach the underserved regions (Lee, Mun, Levine, and Ro 2000, p. 16).Reality has however, gone in a different direction. Extensive studies with telemedicine in developing nations have not yet demonstrated the potential of telemedicine. There are a number of factors that need to be implemented in order that telemedicine services in rural areas become sustainable.A highly robust organizational strategy needs to be implemented, a radio based system should be erected and resources utilized properly; remote maintenance systems should be implemented; a high technological base should be established; and all information and communication should be satisfied through simple and synchronous sy stems (Kifle, Salmon, Okoli, and Mbarika 2008, p. 5).Despite the numerous benefits associated with telemedicine, the program has been slow to come into routine use in both rural and urban zones.4. Evaluation of the current situation of Telemedicine in rural and urban zoneTelemedicine holds a great hope for health care and medical centers both in rural areas and urban centers. Rural areas in particular have for long been faced by shortage of medical personnel, scarcity of means of transportation in addition to other access issues such as unfavorable weather conditions.Telemedicine allows for teleconsultation that utilize a variety of technological advancements such as voice over internet, digital images, digital video teleconferencing, in addition to other emergency services (Martà ­nez, Villarroel, Seoane, and Pozo 2005, p. 70).However, there are various issues that affect the implementation of telemedicine in rural areas. These include: poor infrastructure, limited bandwidth avail ability in network systems, and scarcity of internet providers.Telemedicine is not only about the provision of medical care in the rural areas, but it is very beneficial in linking suburban, urban and inner city medical facilities in a network offering intensive medical care services (Richard 2001, p. 3).4.1 Advantages of using Telemedicine technologiesAn increased use of telemedicine would bring about a number of benefits ranging from enhanced medical care, better utilization of health professionals, increased patients compliance, to enhanced delivery of medical care services outside clinics and hospital setting and in rural as well as the underserved regions.Telemedicine allows for frequent monitoring of vital sign information rather than using periodic visit by physicians. It also improves care of the elderly, physically incapacitated as well as the home bound patients, because it reduces hospital visits thereby increasing convenience and compliance for incapacitated patients.As a result it improves general health of the community and population because it reduces exposure to various illnesses from other patients. It also empowers patients in relation to their own health. It is a source of innovative and creative employment in the health care system.It is a significant strategy of tackling likely future scarcity of medical personnel.   It brings down the rate of death, injuries and infections as a result of medical errors due to inaccurate patient information.Presence of telemedicine programs in rural areas enhances care by reducing transportation costs; deploying medical professionals and specialists; and through providing medical care delivery regardless of geographical barriers (Hein 2009, p. 9).4.2 Challenges of adapting TelemedicineThere are numerous challenges to generating dependable evidence concerning the effects of the use of telemedicine. Scrutiny is rarely carried out as a fundamental part of implementation, and as a result resources are not a bsolutely dedicated to evaluation.However, there are times when resources are dedicated to scrutiny after implementation, therefore prospective gathering of baseline data is impossible. Retrospective gathering of medical data is faced by numerous hurdles in terms of appropriate source identification in addition to collection techniques.These issues make difficult the scrutiny of various interventions, even as the actual nature of evaluation of telemedicine presents further difficulties (Brear 2006, p. 24). Besides evaluation, other challenges that face telemedicine, as indicated by Paul, Pearlson and McDaniel (1999, p 281), include: various social, cultural, economic, technical and organizational hurdles that health care systems must deal with before achieving the full benefits of telemedicine.Other factors that derail the implementation of telemedicine in developing countries are: poor telecommunication and electric power infrastructure; domination in addition to high cost of inter net services; lack of government involvement; difficulties in sustaining implementation of telemedicine; substandard organizational strategies; and user discontent   with low band-width as well as delayed response.Patients, medical professionals and decision makers lack essential knowledge on telemedicine services as well as their potential for medical care. Lack of proper funding is the other challenge that faces telemedicine.Despite its recommendation by the world health organization telemedicine is yet to be realized as a technical service in many national ministries of health (Kifle, Salmon, Okoli, and Mbarika n.d, p. 3).5. ConclusionsIt can therefore be concluded that telemedicine is one of the most significant modern medical strategies that can be employed in tackling the numerous health care challenges that face populations living in both urban and rural areas.   Various benefits of telemedicine include: improvement of patient care, reduction of patient transfers to terti ary health centers and providing physicians a good access to tertiary consultation.Telemedicine improves the general health of the community because it reduces expose to various illnesses from other patients through reduction of hospital visits. There are however, various challenges that are associated with implementation of telemedicine and these include: evaluation challenges, poor telecommunication, misinterpretation of information, and lack of awareness and commitment by the government and decision makers.Telemedicine is faced by various issues including information technology policies, E-Health policies, and data security policies. Even though there are numerous benefits associated with telemedicine, the program has been slow to come into routine practice both in rural and urban zones. Bibliography:Brear, M. 2006, Evaluating telemedicine: lessons and challenges, Health InformationManagement Journal, Vol 35, no. 2, pp. 24Hein, M. 2009, Telemedicine: An important force in the tra nsformation of healthcare,Journal of High Speed Networks, Vol 9, no. 15, pp. 9 –30

Emily Dickinson Poetry Essay Essay

There is a lot more to poetry than just the words themselves. â€Å"What William Shakespeare called, â€Å"the mind’s eye† also plays a role† (Borus34). What that means is that your experiences and thoughts will add to your understanding. Dickinson had an active mind and a style so unique and unusual with her writing. Something that was very unusual about her writing was that she never put a title to her poems. Just like many poets, she used a wide assortment of literary devices such as, metaphor, simile, alliteration, and symbolism. Unlike many writers of her time, Dickinson did not use conventional rhyme, capitalization, or punctuation† (Borus36). For example, she would put dashes not just at the end of a line, but also within the lines. Dickinson’s writing deals with all different aspects of life; love and death, time and eternity, and war. She treats these themes in a matter of her own, often with humor and playfulness, but most often than not, she is writing with seriousness and sensitivity. Emily Dickinson was born on December 10th, 1830, in the town on Amherst, Massachusetts. Amherst, 50 miles outside of Boston was becoming well known as a centre for education. â€Å"In 1830, was the time when railroads were beginning to crisscross the country, connecting places that were formerly unreachable; people thought of train travel the way we think of traveling to other planets† (Borus9). During this, the economy was based on agriculture, and most people were working as farmers. Emily, however, came from a family of scholars and lawyers. Her values and priorities were very high, due to the high expectations she was given by her grandfather Samuel Fowler Dickinson, a very religious, hard and steady worker she looked up to. The Dickinson family might not have been too well off and wealthy, but they were very well-known. Emily spent most of her earlier years enclosed in her house; it was very unlikely to see girls playing outside. In the 1800’s, there were many deadly diseases going around such as scarlet fever and whooping cough. There were many children dying from just minor cuts and scratches that were becoming infected. Just these simple things that don’t seem life or death today were defiantly deadly back then. Being the strong minded observer that Dickinson was, she would most often write about her feels with the things that were going on around her. Dickinson was very dedicated to her work in writing poetry, she took it very seriously; she strived in exploring to find poetry in every aspect of her day-to-day life. â€Å"The themes of life: love, spirituality, or the belief in something outside the physical world, and jealousy and despair, repeat themselves throughout her work† (Borus46). Dickinson was not always consistent in her views; her viewpoint seemed to change from poem to poem. There are always different beliefs or thoughts that people have on death; there might be fear or anxiety that people experience in thinking what afterlife might hold. In 1863, Emily Dickinson wrote the poem â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz – when I died-,† starting off the poem with this, gives the reader a rare glimpse of dying from the viewpoint of someone who is already dead† (Borus51). No matter what one thinks about life, death is always in the future. But, according to Emily, there is a continuing of life after death. This poem is written in the past tense about someone who has already died. â€Å"Emily Dickinson uses past and present tense words together, which indicate a transition between life and death† (Borus57). The poem is ironic and unique in the way that there is such a boring and eventless matter such as a buzzing fly at such a final moment of life, â€Å"And breaths were gathering firm†. An annoying buzzing fly in not the importance in ones last moments of death. Death is supposed to come across as a serious time in life. Dickinson first sets the scene in the third and fourth stanza, â€Å"The Stillness in the Air-/Between the Haves of Storm†. In the room, there was a silence. â€Å"The Eyes around- had wrung them dry-† (5). To who is suffering, the family is anxiously waiting for the news to come. For that last Onset-when the King/ Be witnessed-in the Room-† (7-8), â€Å"In the first part of this line, the author uses an oxymoron by stating â€Å"that last Onset†. Last means an â€Å"end,† while the definition of onset is a â€Å"beginning. â€Å"† (Borus57). Dickinson’s poems use a lot of symbols, things that represent other thi ngs. When the speaker describes â€Å"Onset- when the King Be witnessed- in the Room-,†(7-8). I feel like the king is being targeted as a symbol of God and death. This is showing connection that the narrator must have a strong belief in religion. This poem is full of sadness, with the narrator stating, â€Å"I Willed my Keepsakes† (9). â€Å"Making a will is the last and final way of ensuring the narrator’s previously-owned possessions staying with loved ones after death† (Borus62). Most people fear death, the tone of the narrator is merely one of sad acceptance† (Borus62). At the moment of the revealing of the narrators will, â€Å"There interposed a Fly-,† This is telling us that the fly is again interrupting (12). The fly seems to come across as a noisy fly. Why is it representing as a noisy fly? Why did the fly appear at the end of someone’s life and at their last breathe? The description of the fly changes in stanza thirteen as the narrator states, â€Å"With Blue- uncertain stumbling Buzz-,† thus explaining the fly is no ordinary house fly but a metaphorical figure representing death† (Johnson173). The blue buzz in being compared with noise, but a noise can’t be a color. I think that the narrator is interpreting in this comparison is that the sky is blue and it symbolizes the heavens. â€Å"Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz- when I died† is told by a narrator who uses past tense to describe the final moments of their life† (Johnson178). This poem was written to give the reader the inside looks to the final moments of life, but from the perspective of someone who has already had experience of death. The fly is very symbolic; it is representing the oncoming of death. Dickinson filled this poem up with a variety of metaphors and similes, such as the king being represented as god and death. Those whom going about living life without hope, carry a huge about of stress and worry for sure. Hope surely is the light in the opening of a dark tunnel. It is true that many people all over the world are in extremely hard situations, leading to horrifying conditions. When people are put into these situations and have to live with them, is hope the thing that things can change? When reading â€Å"Hope is a thing with feathers† by Emily Dickinson, this was a thought that came in mind. The content and idea that comes out of this poem is far from being simple, the idea of hope in â€Å"extremity†, and hope being â€Å"the chilliest land-, and on the strangest sea-,† (8-10) is an interesting way in viewing the world. It is very clear that Dickinson wrote this poem to create the mind to think outside the box and get a lot more out of it than just a simple piece of verse. The message that was obvious to me that Dickinson was trying to get across was that â€Å"whatever life throws at the individual, there is always the drove-like gleam of hope that sits within all of us that is stronger than us as a person that its voice can still be heard in the â€Å"gale† of the stormy times† (Borus42). Everyone goes through rough times in their life, and might hit a bump in the road every once in a while. But, no matter whom you are on earth, or where you come from, even if that might be from the â€Å"strangest sea†, yet you might abide, but there is no room for despair. In â€Å"Hope is a thing with feathers†, Dickinson describes that pain and hope come to all of us, â€Å"And sore must be the storm† (6). Hope is what keeps all human nature stubborn and keeps us fighting the things that life throws at us. A bird that â€Å"perches in the soul-,† (2) is a metaphor that Dickinson is using to show us that regardless of who you are, your gender, or where you come from, your race, there is always a soul within you, and everyone has a soul that is â€Å"keeping them warm† against the challenges that the storm in life is hitting them with. This poem is telling us that our soul â€Å"never stops-at all-,† (4). â€Å"It is something that is present within us that we take for granted and usually think little of, until that is we come across poetry like this to capture our attention† (Johnson92). This poem is very clear in telling that whatever life might bring us, and all the battles that we may face, hope will always win in the end.

Jealousy in the Open Window by Saki Essay Example

Jealousy in the Open Window by Saki Essay Example Jealousy in the Open Window by Saki Paper Jealousy in the Open Window by Saki Paper â€Å"The Open Window† is the story of a deception did on an unsuspecting, and constitutionally nervous man, by a young lady whose motivations for lying remain unclear. That is Vera, the center of the case in this story. A â€Å"very self-possessed young lady of fifteen,† Described as a girl who has bad manner to other people. She doesn’t have parents and lives with her aunt and her uncle in a country beyond the luxurious city life. Starting from her childhood, she is an attention-starved individual who seeks love and recognition from her parents. Her loneliness is filled by her aunt warm love and attention. It’s suspected that her abandonment and subsequent loneliness influenced her character, but never do I imagine just how much it fractured her. She grows as a girl who likes making up her words, like doing deception to another. The beginning of Vera’s deception starts with Mr. Nuttel coming. He is suffering from an undisclosed nervous illness, has been encouraged to seek refuge in the country. Vera, who starved for attention and love, was too afraid of Mr Nuttel for stealing her aunt attention and care, her only one love she has. I conclude that this kind of deception comes as a reaction to her jealousy. B. JEALOUSY IN PSYCHOLOGICAL VIEW Furthermore, I come up with jealousy as the center of the case in this analysis. Jealousy what I concern about is jealousy especially in the children. Here, Vera’s jealousy is interesting topic to be analyzed more. The jealousy in this case comes as a reaction of Mr. Nuttel’s coming. Jealousy is an emotion and typically refers to the negative thoughts and feelings of insecurity, fear, and anxiety over an anticipated loss of something that the person values, such as a relationship, friendship, or love. Jealousy often consists of a combination of emotions such as anger, sadness, and disgust. It is not to be confused with envy. It’s described clearly that what Vera did by making up the story about the Open Window is a kind of thing that shows jealousy to Mr. Nuttel. One of the theorist said: Jealousy is defined as a protective reaction to a perceived threat to a valued relationship, arising from a situation in which the partners involvement with an activity and/or another person is contrary to the jealous persons definition of their relationship. (Bevan, 2004, page 195) Vera’s jealousy stimulates her to do the bad things to Mr. Nuttel. She is trying to arrange a fiction story about her aunt family in order to make Mr. Nuttel goes away from her house. Vera told a huge lie about how Mrs. Sappleton’s family had been missing for three years. It is this story, the death of some relatives who went hunting long ago, causes Mr. Nuttel’s breakdown. She tells Nuttel that the window is left open as a sign of her aunt’s hope that the dead hunters will one day come home and provides a detailed description of the men, their behavior and clothes. Out through that window, three years ago to a day, her husband and her two young brothers went off for their days shooting. They never came back. In crossing the moor to their favorite snipe-shooting ground they were all three engulfed in a treacherous piece of bog. It had been that dreadful wet summer, you know, and places that were safe in other years gave way suddenly without warning. Their bodies were never recovered. That was the dreadful part of it. Here the childs voice lost its self-possessed note and became falteringly human. Poor aunt always thinks that they will come back someday, they and the little brown spaniel that was lost with them, and walk in at that window just as they used to do. That is why the window is kept open every evening till it is quite dusk. Poor dear aunt, she has often told me how they went out, her husband with his white waterproof coat over his arm, and Ronnie, her youngest brother, singing Bertie, why do you bound? as he always did to tease her, because she said it got on her nerves. Do you know, sometimes on still, quiet evenings like this, I almost get a creepy feeling that they will all walk in through that window The quotation for this analysis is all about Vera’s saying to Mr. Nuttel. All she said is only a lie. A lie that was created as a reaction of jealousy. From the author’s point of view, he refers to Vera as â€Å"self-possessed,† which literally means that she has self-control and poise. In the context of this story, it is clear that this is the quality that allows her to lie so well. Vera’s self-possession allows her to maintain a cool head and calm belief while relating that most strange of tales. This kind of deception Vera made is the further action she made as the reaction of her jealousy. In her manipulation of the adults, Vera demonstrates a view that â€Å"children have no power worth the name except their lies and retreats into fantasy. From the source I’ve read (Wikipedia. org), the experience of jealousy involves: fear of loss, suspicion or anger about betrayal, low self-esteem and sadness over loss, uncertainty and loneliness, fear of losing an important person to an attractive other, distrust. Based on the explanation, what Vera did is indicated that she is suffering jealousy. She is fear of loss, low self-esteem and sadness over loss, uncertainty and loneliness, and fear of losing an important person that is her aunt’s attention. The effect of jealousy itself isn’t really good in the process of forming Vera’s character. She becomes an unkind girl who likes making up her words. Furthermore, jealousy in children and teenagers like Vera’s suffer has been observed more often in those with low self-esteem and can cause aggressive reactions. These aggressive reactions often created a bad action from them. One such study suggested that developing intimate friends can be followed by emotional insecurity and loneliness in some children when those intimate friends interact with others. Jealousy linked to aggression and low self-esteem. All what I mentioned above shows clearly that Vera is suffering jealousy. C. CONCLUSION Jealousy is defined as a protective reaction to a perceived threat to a valued relationship. It is an emotion and typically refers to the negative thoughts and feelings of insecurity, fear, and anxiety over an anticipated loss of something that the person values, such as a relationship, friendship, or love. Jealousy often consists of a combination of emotions such as anger, sadness, and disgust. losing Furthermore, jealousy in children and teenagers like Vera’s suffer has been observed more often in those with low self-esteem and can cause aggressive reactions. These aggressive reactions often created a bad action from them. The way to overcome this kind of problem is by let them to honestly express their feelings about one another. Dont downplay a childs feelings, or try talking them out of feeling the way they say they feel. Children feel their parents understand those best when their feelings are acknowledged. Source: Rena Korb, for Short Stories for Students, Gale Research, 1997. Thomas March, for Short Stories for Students, Gale Research, 1997. The open window (criticism): information from Answers. com The Wikipedia. org

Free Essays on Explority Ethnicity As A Major Cause Of Violence In Latin America

Exploring Ethnicity as a Major Cause of Violence in Latin America – Primarily Guatemala & Columbia By: Derek Lowe Friday, April 25, 2003 This research paper is entitled exploring ethnicity because that is my endeavor. To support my thesis of ethnicity as the major factor of violence in today’s countries of Guatemala and Columbia. For clarification on the meaning of the word ethnicity – I will give the definition as the following: Ethnic Background, way of life, trait, etc.1 This definition will be key in understanding of ethnicity part in the violence portrayed in the countries of Guatemala and Columbia. My main focus will be however on the country of Guatemala. The dictionary defines the way of life as being part of ethnicity. Therefore that brings in several major factors of the Mayan indigenous people. One major factor was the fact that their lives were governed by their religion. Research shows that â€Å" Religion Permeated all phases of Mayan life. Law and taxation, for example, were interpreted as religious principles and religious offerings. Education was conducted mainly as training for priests, who made reading, writing, and learning caste specialties†¦. They conducted the numerous public rituals, including some human sacrifice by decapitation.†2 We can see now that religion was a major aspect of the indigenous Guatemalans. Therefore when this supreme way of life (ethnicity) was disrupted, the result was violence. Another major factor was brought to the indigenous group during the classic period (250 – 900). In Mayan teachings was now taught that land equaled life and to take away a Mayan’s land was to take away his/her life.3 What may now go through the readers head at this point is how do these factors, formerly stated support this thesis over the opposing thesis of outside intervention being the major cause of violence in Guatemala and Columbia today. What I want is the reader not ... Free Essays on Explority Ethnicity As A Major Cause Of Violence In Latin America Free Essays on Explority Ethnicity As A Major Cause Of Violence In Latin America Exploring Ethnicity as a Major Cause of Violence in Latin America – Primarily Guatemala & Columbia By: Derek Lowe Friday, April 25, 2003 This research paper is entitled exploring ethnicity because that is my endeavor. To support my thesis of ethnicity as the major factor of violence in today’s countries of Guatemala and Columbia. For clarification on the meaning of the word ethnicity – I will give the definition as the following: Ethnic Background, way of life, trait, etc.1 This definition will be key in understanding of ethnicity part in the violence portrayed in the countries of Guatemala and Columbia. My main focus will be however on the country of Guatemala. The dictionary defines the way of life as being part of ethnicity. Therefore that brings in several major factors of the Mayan indigenous people. One major factor was the fact that their lives were governed by their religion. Research shows that â€Å" Religion Permeated all phases of Mayan life. Law and taxation, for example, were interpreted as religious principles and religious offerings. Education was conducted mainly as training for priests, who made reading, writing, and learning caste specialties†¦. They conducted the numerous public rituals, including some human sacrifice by decapitation.†2 We can see now that religion was a major aspect of the indigenous Guatemalans. Therefore when this supreme way of life (ethnicity) was disrupted, the result was violence. Another major factor was brought to the indigenous group during the classic period (250 – 900). In Mayan teachings was now taught that land equaled life and to take away a Mayan’s land was to take away his/her life.3 What may now go through the readers head at this point is how do these factors, formerly stated support this thesis over the opposing thesis of outside intervention being the major cause of violence in Guatemala and Columbia today. What I want is the reader not ...

W7 discusion Mareting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W7 discusion Mareting - Essay Example This point is highly justified in the sense that no shareholder wants to invest where there is no patronage to bring about profitability. Meanwhile, the current global market is so competitive that customers are highly selective of the organizations or companies they would do business with. Because of this, the need for creating competitive advantage that targets customer participation is very important. Meanwhile, Cooperrider, Whitney, Stravos and Fry (2008) in a recent study showed that because of the similarities that exists in classical modules of competitive advantage such as the emphasis on cost and quality, customers have started looking for something more than cost and quality, being assured that these two are likely to be found wherever they turn. In their new search, customers seem to have come to appreciate the place of customer satisfaction in selecting where to do business. Companies therefore have to have very high customer satisfaction scores in order to gain competitive advantage in the modern market. By gaining competitive advantage to, a company can be assured of highly profitability as it means cust omers will bring in more revenue through their patronage of services (Campbell, Whitehead and Finkelstein,

Subcultures of violence in american society Research Paper

Subcultures of violence in american society - Research Paper Example Generally speaking, subculture refers to those smaller groups of people who are the part of a larger culture and engage in a specific activity which other refrain from doing. Here the subculture is performing violence and assaults, and take it as honor and pride to indulge in them. It is widely seen that the people in lower class or poverty line engage in violence and assaults as compared to people in other classes. Violence is an integral part of human being and throughout history he has proven this fact. Where there existed a society or community there was a prominent presence of violence, fights and hatred. However, America being a fast moving city has given home to many law violators, aggressive criminals and illegal activist. According to(Time) â€Å"In the U.S. today, it seems to many that violence is in the ascendant over cooperation, disruption over order, and anger over reason†. More or less major population who engage is violent behavior is the black population of Am erica. Sadly, they become violent because of the vengeance and bitterness they harbor in their mind towards their family and the society, and little less is done by law abiders to pacify them. Being violent and involving in crime and homicides can also be connected to psychological and physiological problems infested among wrong doers. The root of all evilness in mind is coming from various problems occurred in their childhood or family life during the past. â€Å"Children who grew up in a family without a male presence are more likely to engage in criminal activity ,specifically interpersonal crime ,than those grew up in traditional family†(Dibich,20). It is found that children with a single parent are more likely to commit crime than one who has been raised in a whole some family. If a child during the early years of his life misses the love and caring from one of the parent, they tend to find relief by committing violent activities and crime. If one look or analyze the cri me scene of American society, it can be easily revealed that black Americans are indulging in violence than white Americans. The crime filled dark streets have eventually become the hard truth of American urban culture and law abiders are not seemingly doing much about it. The senseless killing and cruelsome attacks are reckoning to be the black image of the American city life. A fire arm possession has become a right of every citizen of America and thus over 50 million homes has guns in the name of self defence.Such large possession of fire arms are giving opportunity to violent people to conduct any sort of atrocities to a strangers or family members in a moment of rage. In America the Southern region has been distinctively tagged as the violent region than rest of the country. And many study has a shown that this region leads in assaults and homicides in the country. However, the reason for south to remain a violent state has been a question to ponder on by researchers and sociol ogist. Many believe that the historical background of the southern region is to blame for this kind of criminology while other believes that poverty and social inequality is the real culprit. There is also an accepted concept in the southern region of America that one can enhance their honor and reputation by engaging in violence and criminal activities. The culture of a particular individual has a major role in determining the way he conducts himself in day to day

Google Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Google - Research Paper Example Termed as â€Å"BackRub† initially, this search engine was refined and modified. It later led to the creation of the company that the world admires today; Google. Google started operations from Susan Wojcicki‘s garage at 232 Santa Margarita, Menlo Park. The initial funds for the company were provided by Sun co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim. Larry and Sergey, the co-founders, hired their fellow graduate at Standford, Craig Silverstein, as their first employee. There has been no looking back ever since. By mid-1999, the company had, led by venture capitalists Sequoia Capital and Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, completed a $25-million round of equity funding. In May 2010, the first 10 language versions of Google.com were released. The search engine was now available in French, German, Italian, Swedish, Finnish, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Norwegian and Danish. By September, Google had started offering search in 15 languages including Chinese, Japanese and Korean. In February of 2001, the company acquired Deja.com’s Usenet Discussion Service, an archive of 500 million Usenet discussions. The company opened its first international office in Tokyo in August 2001. By the end of the year, index size of Google grew to 3 billion web documents. In May 2002, Google inked a deal with AOL that enabled it to offer search and sponsored links to as many as 34 million customers who used CompuServe, Netscape and AOL.com. Google continued its inorganic route to expansion and acquired Pyra Labs, the creators of Blogger, in February 2003. One of the most important acquisitions of the company has been that of Applied Semantics, whose technology immensely bolstered Google’s content-targeted advertising service named Adsense. Google made its initial foray into the domain of social networking when it launched Orkut in January 2004. A couple of months later, the company moved to its new abode â€Å"Googleplex† at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View. In October 2004, the company acquired Keyhole, a digital mapping company. It was Keyhole’s technology that later helped Google launch Google Earth. By February 2005 Google had 1.1 billion images indexed. A month later, the company acquired a web analytics company, Urchin, whose technology is behind Google Analytics. The acquisition spree continued for Google in 2006 as it acquired dMarc, a digital radio advertising company in January, Writely, a web-based word processing application in March and JotSpot, a collaborative wiki platform in October. The company continued to expand its reach as it forged an alliance with China Mobile in January 2007. The deal enabled Google to provide mobile and Internet search services in China. The same year in June, the company announced a partnership with Salesforce.com, clubbing the latter’s on-demand CRM applications with its own AdWords. In September 2009, Google acquire reCAPTCHA, a technology company focused on Optical Character R ecognition (OCR). Picnik, a site that enables users to edit photos in the cloud, without leaving the browser, was acquired in March 2010. In February 2011, a new search algorithm that has a bearing on 11.8 percent of queries was refined to give better search results. Earlier this year, Google launched Google +, the company’s latest foray into the world of social network

What are the factor causing the record low of 0.3% inflation and what Essay

What are the factor causing the record low of 0.3% inflation and what are the consequnces - Essay Example Lower prices may also be caused by change in structure of capital markets and decrease in currency supply. Thus factors causing the record low of 0.3% mainly emerge from the fall in prices of widely consumed products or services such as motor fuels and food. A fall in price for the two is the main cause of this extremely low inflation level. This has been observed recently in UK. â€Å"The rate of UK consumer prices Index inflation fell to 0.3% in January; its lowest level since records began. Cheaper petrol and lower food prices helped by a supermarket price war-cut the rate from 0.5% in December† (BBC NEWS). Extreme fall in prices, deflation, results into reduced business revenue. Businesses must significantly reduce the prices of their products in order to stay competitive. As they reduce their prices, their revenue starts to drop. Besides, deflation may cause wage cutbacks and layoffs. Drop in revenue of companies forces them to reduce their expenditure to meet their bottom line. One of the possible ways to cut the expenses is by reducing wages and cutting positions. Additionally, extreme fall in inflation level may increase purchasing power (BBC NEWS). Consumers may substantially take advantage of the lower prices by increasing their

Is the Death Penalty Effective Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is the Death Penalty Effective - Research Paper Example Rather, it is an economic drain for most of the states in our country that continue to use it as their severest form of criminal punishment. It also provides an emotional and psychological release for the criminal who suffers the most in death row. We all have a right to life. We all have the right to change the way of life that we chose to lead in the past. Nobody ever wants to willingly live a life of crime. Some people, or most hardened criminals like Charles Manson, prove to have psychological shortcomings that have driven them into such a horrific lifestyle. With that kind of information on hand for anyone to see and read about, one can only come to the conclusion that the death penalty is a punishment that is outmoded and irrelevant when dealing with criminals. Rather than killing these people, prisons should make more effective use of their criminal rehabilitation programs instead. Opting to keep the most dangerous criminals under lock and key for the rest of their lives witho ut a chance of getting a parole rather than trying to right a crime with another crime. Let's call a spade a spade in this case. The death penalty has never been an effective crime deterrent. The states that implement them such as Florida, California, and Texas still have high crime rates with murder rates still on the rise. These aforementioned states have seen a reduction in their police force and a trimming down of their prison budgets all because the state budget cannot afford to keep the law enforcement team on the payroll the way they need to be. But, and this is what boggles the minds of most thinking people who live in these states, the fact remains that these very same states manage to spend millions of dollars of the state budget in implementing death penalty actions. Case in point: Before the Los Angeles riots, for example, California had little money for innovations like community policing, but was managing to spend an extra $90 million per year on capital punishment. Te xas, with over 300 people on death row, is spending an estimated $2.3 million per case, but its murder rate remains one of the highest in the country. (Dieter, Richard â€Å"What Politicians Don't Say About the High Costs of the Death Penalty†) Keeping the above costing in mind, it is sufficient enough to say that Capital Punishment as we know it is actually making America a dangerous place to live in. When a country, or a state for that matter, pours out so much of its budget on the death penalty while their crime prevention measures and law enforcers suffer with meager budgets or a slash of employed police officers, one can only deduce that something is very wrong with the way people of the state view their safety concerns and strategies. Why do some states continue to enforce the death penalty when it has a f cheaper alternative? By placing a criminal in prison for life, without parole. we prevent the clogging of our judicial system with motion after motion for reconsidera tion on behalf of the sentenced death row convict. Capital punishment trials are one of the most costly trials that can be had by any accused most specially since there is a huge

Provide an analysis of 3models of health and demonstrate which is the Essay

Provide an analysis of 3models of health and demonstrate which is the most effective mpdel to use when working with young people - Essay Example For example, prostate cancer is an ailment affecting middle aged and elderly males, while breast and ovarian cancer is exclusively a disease affecting women. Similarly, diabetes, gout and obesity are diseases affecting the sedentary population. Likewise, there are also some diseases which society regards specifically as the diseases and ailments of the youth- the foremost among them being drug abuse, alcoholism and AIDS, to name a few. It is therefore imperative that the youth of a society or a country be cared for under a national initiative like health policies for the youth. This paper will explore the history and relatively recent efforts made by the Department of Health UK and other ancillary organizations in the last decade towards promoting the health, safety and security of our youth population in the UK. We will be looking at three models of youth care and intervention-the biomedical model, the political model and the quality of life model, describing each and comparing and evaluating which one is the best to use in the UK for the purpose of protecting the health and stability of our youth. Identifying Key Issues within Youth Health Care It has been estimated that as much as 20 percent of the population of the world comprises its youth. In the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) is the name of the public health service while the Department of Health (DOH) is the Government based organization entrusted with matters regarding public health policy. It also issues warnings about disease prevention and control, makes health information commonly available and undertakes other initiatives as needed for the safety and protection of the general health of the UK population. Recently the DOH has started an initiative that makes its services more user friendly towards the youth. Specifically this covers ten different areas, namely accessibility, publicity, confidentiality and consent, environment, staff training, skills, attitudes and values, joined-up working, young people’s involvement in monitoring and evaluation of patient experience; health issues for young people; sexual and reproductive health services, and specialist and targeted child and adolescent mental health services. This initiative has started in the backdrop of the successful Getting It Right for Teenagers program run for doctors and hospitals in practice. The hospitals and health centers have been directed to undertake a self review and evaluate themselves in terms of readiness or completeness in meeting the above criteria. Importance of the Health Needs of Young People According to a report published in 2007, youth and adolescents in the UK are engaging in risky behaviour that compromises their own health and well being to a disproportionately high level when compared to youth in other countries. The incidence of UK teenagers risking their health through smoking, drug and alcohol use, unsafe sex and becoming parents in their teenage years if taken together far sur passes that of any other country in the developed world. In particular, sections of the youth under the age of 15 having been drunk or having had sexual intercourse frequently without the use of a condom are the highest in the UK. It is not surprising that children born to young women between the ages 15 and 19 happen most frequently in Britain relative to other developed nations. Although these figures only represent part of the

What are the factor causing the record low of 0.3% inflation and what Essay

What are the factor causing the record low of 0.3% inflation and what are the consequnces - Essay Example Lower prices may also be caused by change in structure of capital markets and decrease in currency supply. Thus factors causing the record low of 0.3% mainly emerge from the fall in prices of widely consumed products or services such as motor fuels and food. A fall in price for the two is the main cause of this extremely low inflation level. This has been observed recently in UK. â€Å"The rate of UK consumer prices Index inflation fell to 0.3% in January; its lowest level since records began. Cheaper petrol and lower food prices helped by a supermarket price war-cut the rate from 0.5% in December† (BBC NEWS). Extreme fall in prices, deflation, results into reduced business revenue. Businesses must significantly reduce the prices of their products in order to stay competitive. As they reduce their prices, their revenue starts to drop. Besides, deflation may cause wage cutbacks and layoffs. Drop in revenue of companies forces them to reduce their expenditure to meet their bottom line. One of the possible ways to cut the expenses is by reducing wages and cutting positions. Additionally, extreme fall in inflation level may increase purchasing power (BBC NEWS). Consumers may substantially take advantage of the lower prices by increasing their

Provide an analysis of 3models of health and demonstrate which is the Essay

Provide an analysis of 3models of health and demonstrate which is the most effective mpdel to use when working with young people - Essay Example For example, prostate cancer is an ailment affecting middle aged and elderly males, while breast and ovarian cancer is exclusively a disease affecting women. Similarly, diabetes, gout and obesity are diseases affecting the sedentary population. Likewise, there are also some diseases which society regards specifically as the diseases and ailments of the youth- the foremost among them being drug abuse, alcoholism and AIDS, to name a few. It is therefore imperative that the youth of a society or a country be cared for under a national initiative like health policies for the youth. This paper will explore the history and relatively recent efforts made by the Department of Health UK and other ancillary organizations in the last decade towards promoting the health, safety and security of our youth population in the UK. We will be looking at three models of youth care and intervention-the biomedical model, the political model and the quality of life model, describing each and comparing and evaluating which one is the best to use in the UK for the purpose of protecting the health and stability of our youth. Identifying Key Issues within Youth Health Care It has been estimated that as much as 20 percent of the population of the world comprises its youth. In the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) is the name of the public health service while the Department of Health (DOH) is the Government based organization entrusted with matters regarding public health policy. It also issues warnings about disease prevention and control, makes health information commonly available and undertakes other initiatives as needed for the safety and protection of the general health of the UK population. Recently the DOH has started an initiative that makes its services more user friendly towards the youth. Specifically this covers ten different areas, namely accessibility, publicity, confidentiality and consent, environment, staff training, skills, attitudes and values, joined-up working, young people’s involvement in monitoring and evaluation of patient experience; health issues for young people; sexual and reproductive health services, and specialist and targeted child and adolescent mental health services. This initiative has started in the backdrop of the successful Getting It Right for Teenagers program run for doctors and hospitals in practice. The hospitals and health centers have been directed to undertake a self review and evaluate themselves in terms of readiness or completeness in meeting the above criteria. Importance of the Health Needs of Young People According to a report published in 2007, youth and adolescents in the UK are engaging in risky behaviour that compromises their own health and well being to a disproportionately high level when compared to youth in other countries. The incidence of UK teenagers risking their health through smoking, drug and alcohol use, unsafe sex and becoming parents in their teenage years if taken together far sur passes that of any other country in the developed world. In particular, sections of the youth under the age of 15 having been drunk or having had sexual intercourse frequently without the use of a condom are the highest in the UK. It is not surprising that children born to young women between the ages 15 and 19 happen most frequently in Britain relative to other developed nations. Although these figures only represent part of the

The role of the tutor in the Lifelong Learning Sector Essay Example for Free

The role of the tutor in the Lifelong Learning Sector Essay There are many facets to the role of the tutor within this diverse learning sector and the responsibility and commitment required from the tutor is of the highest. Analysis of the role of the tutor needs to start firstly with†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the tutor! Although qualified to deliver material on a specialised subject, to teach that subject effectively requires strong personal commitment from the tutor. The tutor needs to be committed to a path of delivering excellence in all areas to the pupils and this can only be achieved if the tutor sets high standards in the first place. This is so important as to be quoted in the overarching standards document introduced by Lifelong Learning UK in 2007 titled â€Å"New professional standards for teachers, tutors and trainers in the lifelong learning sector, Domain A: professional standards and practice† (LLUK2007, pg3). Page 2 To achieve high standards in their own personal work, a tutor must be prepared to maintain a programme of continual professional development enabling continual learning to take place within their own subject matter and the peripheries of that subject. This ensures that only the most up to date information is conveyed to the pupils and maintains relevancy in the latest subject matter. However, â€Å"The key purpose of the teacher is to create effective and stimulating opportunities for learning through high quality teaching that enables the development and progression of all learners. † (LLUK 2007, pg2) and it is within this statement that three key words exist: effective, stimulating and development. The tutor needs to be mindful of these words when constructing, creating, delivering a lesson and especially when assessing the outcomes of a lesson. Tutors are required to deliver curriculum based lessons and as such need to be able to formulate the art form that delivers quality teaching that encompasses relevant material, a delivery methodology, a means of assessing the learning and all done in such a way that measures the value of the learning. Lifelong learning pupils are extremely diverse and as such will require different teaching methods such as visual, auditory, kinaesthetic methods and all these different styles may even be required in one class. Petty (2004, p141) clearly suggests that ‘Student learning styles can be categorised in a number of ways. However, it is now thought that all students can learn in all these learning styles, and the more learning styles each learner experiences the better. ’ although later research has cast some doubt on Petty’s statements. All of this must be done whilst ensuring that every pupil feels they are treated as individuals, certainly without favouritism or discrimination. (This is a professional teaching requirement, supported by Gravels (2008) and made a requirement by the Institute for Learning (IfL) 2008. A tutor understands how to engage with each of their pupils at whatever level of teaching is relevant to that one individual, facilitating the pupil’s progress through the learning and measuring the outcomes to gauge pupil’s understanding. Measuring outcomes may be a relatively simple process done through a simple scoring system based on the number of correct answers and whilst being objective, doesn’t always show that the pupil understands the material, just they can answer questions or pass a test. So a tutor needs to be able to measure in different ways, both objectively and subjectively and this may lead to different formats of teaching and flexibility within the learning process. Now we need to look at the second part of the equation – the pupil. The prime key to a pupil’s learning is motivation and desire to achieve and a successful tutor is able to capitalise on this to allow the pupil to achieve. This was echoed by Reece and Walker who said â€Å"Motivation is a key factor to successful learning. A less able student who is highly motivated can achieve greater success that the more intelligent student who is not well motivated†. (Reece Walker, 1997. p96). In summary a pupil may be likened to an empty book with blank pages waiting to be filled and it is a symbiotic relationship between the pupil desire to succeed and the tutor’s ability to develop interesting and engaging teaching that creates the successful outcome, in other words a moving art form!

The Four Frames of an Organization

The Four Frames of an Organization Warren Bennis(2003), notices that good observation of the situations is the core competency of leadership and it is a important tool in developing successful organizations. Bolman and Deal (2007) highlights four major areas of organizational theory namely structure, people, political dynamics and culture. Each frame has its own logic, focus, assumptions and path to success of organization. Structural frame views an organization as a factory or machine and gives more importance to goals, formal relationships and specific roles. It also emphasizes on policies, procedures, creating rules to merge the focus of diverse group towards achieving the organization goal. The people frame perceives an organization as a unit with each individual having their own ideas, energy, needs, talent, limitations and feelings. Individuals in an organization should be given the liberty to operate on their own to display their talent but at the same care should be taken to get their job done. As per the view of Thomas (2006), the political frame perceives an organization as an arena with competition, power, conflict and policies as core where beliefs, skills, values, conflicts and interests among the staff are evident organizational realities. Finally, the cultural frame views organizational life as a festival where individuals join together to form culture, context and meaning as they engage themselves in their specific roles and bring creativity and inspiration into their work. Each frame plays an important role in an organization, but any frame alone is deficient. Gallos(2008), views modern organizations as complex beast and the fast growing technology and competitive world only adds more to their complication. Structural Frame: The structural frame as discussed before is concerned with rules and goals of the organization. So, the frame concentrates on the goal directions, structural clarity, and task accomplishment in an organization.(Harris Nelson, 2008).The main values of this frame are: The best approach is rational approach ; Dividing labor based on their specialization leads to improved performance and individual expertise; synchronization and control are best achieved through the authority and impersonal rules; and Based on an organizations nature structures can be systematically designed and applied. These principles suggest that problems in organization usually are signs of structural issues and it can be solved by streamlining and restructuring. But these are just one of the many problems that an organization is facing. Rationality is another important concept that an organization deals with. As per the view of Brunsson (2009), organizations are intentional, in other words organization works towards a definite reason. In many companies, it is a hypothesis that behaviors are governed by decisions under a norm of rationality. Usually this norm is difficult to satisfy in reality. Like two sides of coin, the concept of differentiation and integration are the reason for it being viewed as a rational approach. Differentiation in when tasks are done among individuals and integration is the link between the roles that make the interdependence. These roles and interdependencies are synchronized vertically by power and laterally by teams, meeting etc. There are six main assumptions in structural frame: Existence of organization is to attain established objective and goals. Efficiency of organization is increased and performance is enhanced through clear division of employees and specialization. Proper co-ordination and control ensures that diverse effort of individuals and units engage. For an organization to work at its best rationality should prevail over personal choice and external pressure. The structure of an organization should be designed in such a way that it fits to the circumstance of the organization. Structural deficiencies lead to performance gap and in this situation and can be solved through proper analysis and restructuring. Two design issues are how to allocate work and how to coordinate roles between them or unit. A job prescription is in form of job description, procedures where it is clear document on what an employee should do and what he should not to accomplish a task. Once work is allocated to individuals the managers/leaders face next important decision as how they should group people into working units. There are several basic operations (Mintzberg, 1979): Groups are partitioned on the basis of skill set and knowledge. For example Java team, Visual Basic team and so on. Groups based on working time, as by shift. Units formed on basis of product. Telecommunication software, accounting software and so on. Groups around client or customer. Groups around place or geography. Say for example team in Australia, team in India Groups by process. For example development, testing and support. In an IT firm like this, it is important to form groups and it can be best formed when they are grouped based on skill set, time, geography and process. The real problem here is problem of co-ordination. Units try to focus on their own priority rather than organizations. For an organization to be successful it has to employ an effective method of coordinating between the units to work towards the organizational goal. This can be achieved by either vertical coordination or lateral coordination. Vertical Coordination: In vertical coordination higher management has the authority. They decide as what should happen through authority, policies, rules and control system. Authority means designating a boss. He integrates the effort of individuals and units. They take control by resolving conflicts, making decisions, solving problems and distributing rewards. Rules and policies ensure informality among the employees. This helps to reduce particularism (Perrow, 1986) reacting to a particular situation on personal bias or political forces rather than towards the goal of organization. In order to make sure that a level of quality is maintained, standards are set. So a measurement against standard helps in finding the performance and makes it possible to fix a problem. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) reduce difference in performance for tasks that requires high level of predictability and not allowing more margins for error. Standard operating procedures can fail how ever more often only in case of situations that is not foreseen. Mintzberg (1979) distinguishes performance control and action planning. Performance control imposes outcome objectives. F or example increase the teams productivity by 5%. This is good way when the goals are clear but not successful when goals are hard to measure. Action planning specifies action as well as time frame. It works well when it is easier to access how the job is done. Lateral Coordination: Sometimes vertical coordination cannot be effective. Behavior of people is usually untouched by rules and command. Lateral techniques such as meetings (both formal and informal), network organization, matrix structure, coordinating roles and task force helps in filling the void. In our organization in order to fill the void there will be continuous meeting. There will be wide range of meetings like project management meeting to make sure that project can be delivered on time as promised with high quality. In a high technology company that is under consideration, we will have task forces also. High-technology firms have high degree of reliance on project teams or task forces to synchronize development of new service or product. Being a high technology company it is important to have networks as knowledge will be spread all cross the organization and it cant be at a particular place. Ghoshal and Barlett (1990) argued that many organizations have evolved into inter organization network. Initiatives arise from many places as it is a multi centric structure. Structural imperatives: Organizations architecture depends on following factors: size and age, core process, environment, strategy and goals, information technology and nature of the workforce. Let us see how these factors play a role in shaping an organization. Size and age: An organizations size and age plays a key role in architecture. A small company can have informal structural arrangements. Whereas the same organization, as it grows, it will be difficult to get a hold of the process if things are not formalized. As a startup IT company it can be informal but since it is high technology organization it is very much essential to formalize process say for example documenting everything as the work done is not repetitive and knowledge needs to be shared. Core Process: The core product is taxation software for tax agents. Henderson and Clark (1990) said that it is difficult to cope with the change in a technology for an established company than a startup firm. Being a startup firm there is an edge, in an aspect to get into the business with latest technology. Also care should be taken and structure should be in such as way that firm should be flexible enough to adapt to latest technology without much of hassle and complexity. If the start up organization fail to build a flexible structure then it will also fall in the same pit as other established company and the new comers will take over the lead. Environment: Environment plays a major role. In a high technology industry there is always high degree of uncertainty. This demands sophisticated architecture. New roles and specialties are often required in order to cope up with the emerging problems. High level of adaptability and flexibility are required in an uncertain industry like high technology industry. Strategy and goals: Strategic decisions are inclined towards long term goal and are concerned with the future (Chandler, 1962). Goals that are stated are the ones that an organization follows most of the time. We need to look beyond formal statement of purpose to understand the link that exists between strategy, goals and structure. Information Technology: New technologies and computers continue to revolutionize the amount of information available and the speed at which it can be shared. Information is central structural determinant. Galbraith (1973) defines uncertainty as difference between what information is in hand and what information is needed. As the gap increases, the complexity of making a decision also increases. In this situation organization has two choices: Firstly, reduced the need for information. Secondly, increase the capacity to process it. In a high technology organization it is better to choose the second option as high technology organization need as much as information possible to stay in the race. Information technology plays an important role in high technology firms. Innovations in information technology make flatter structure unavoidable. Drucker (1989) pointed out that information-based organizations need fewer management levels when compared to other industries. Similarly, this applie s to high technology firm and will follow more of flat structure than vertical structure. Nature of workforce: In a high technology industry, even a lower level workforce need to have high knowledge. Sometimes lower level workforce has more technical knowledge than their supervisors. There is increasing need to specialization of areas. Drucker (1989), makes an observation that work will be moved to place where people are rather than moving people where work is. Similarly there is need to design the structure such that there are different centers based on availability of work force. This again increases dependency on network as work has to be coordinated between different geographic locations. Boundary less organization: Prahalad and Lawrence (1995) insisted about the importance of boundary less organization. In a boundary less organization ideas flow through different layers easily and hence the productivity will be high. The organization as a whole functions far better. In the startup high technology organization the number of layers between top and bottom is less so that there is free flow of ideas. Care should be taken on diluting the number of layers as too much autonomy leads to chaos. The following factors should be considered when designing a structure. They are gap versus overlap, underuse versus overload, lack of clarity versus lack of creativity, excessive autonomy versus excessive interdependence, too loose versus too tight, goalless versus goal bound, irresponsible versus unresponsive. In our organization care should be taken such that there is no inclination towards any of the character discussed above. Right balance should be maintained. Structural configurations: Structural design starting from scratch does not happen most of the times. Usually supervisors copy an existing structure from their experience or some existing popular theory. Let us look at Mintzbergs fives and see how it is applicable in our organization. Mintzberg model has five components. First component is operating core. Core consists of employees who make the product to the customer or clients. Layer above this is administrative. They are managers who provide and control resource for the operation. Above this is strategic apex. It comprises of top level management, who are responsible for strategic decisions. Usually they are board of directors and equivalent. Two more components in the sides are techno structure which comprises of specialists who measure and inspect the output of the process. Last component is support staff whose work is to facilitate other workers and ensure smooth running of office. Mintzberg derived five structural configurations from this blueprint. Simple structure: This structure has only two level, strategic apex and operating core. Usually it has direct supervision. It works well in family business. The positives of simple structure are adaptability and flexibility. It also has negative side as boss too close to day today operation lose focus and gets distracted easily and they dont take into account the long range strategic issues. Machine bureaucracy: In machine bureaucracy, strategic apex makes all strategic decision, managers supervises all day today operation. And procedures are standardized. Machine bureaucracy has lots of support staff and few technostructures. Key issue is how to keep employees motivated as it is routine work. Professional bureaucracy: In this structure, majority of people are from operating core and very less number of managers. Technostructre is comparatively very less. Professional bureaucracy stumbles when they try to get a greater control over operating core. Divisionalized form: Work is done in the form of quasi-autonomous units. Each division serves different market. For example a MNC might have financial service, IT, manufacturing etc. It creates ample resource and responsiveness without much risk. But it has other tensions like cat and mouse game between the headquarters and the division. The other potential problem is the gap that widens between head quarters and the divisions. Adhocracy: Adhocracy is loose, flexible structure mostly tied together by lateral means. This kind of structure is more often found in condition of turbulence and rapid change such as advertising industry. After looking at these five structures its professional bureaucracy and divisionalized form that suits our organization. In high technology industry, there is need for more people with technical skill than managerial skill. Hence professional bureaucracy works well in high technology organization. Restructuring: Every organization has to restructure at some point in time. Restructuring is time consuming and more over it does not even guarantee success. Restructuring happens due to various pressures such as environment shifts, technology change, organizational growth and leadership changes. Miller and Friesen(1984) found that companies in trouble usually fall in the following three categories. Impulsive firm: It is a fast growing organization with rapid changes usually lead by one or very few managers. This will lead organization to run out of control. Many onetime successful owners fail to recover from this stage and they stumble. Stagnant bureaucracy: These are organizations that follow old tradition. They often become too stagnant. They dont make up to market speed and lower level managers often feel left out. Headless giants: These are loosely coupled organizations where the administration is weak. Most of the decisions are made by the division and does not have any real strategy at the top. Decision making is not proactive whereas it is reactive. Organizations are reluctant to make changes in structure because it creates uncertainty and confusion. Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability and Ethics: Corporate Social Responsibility is the most accepted and credible form to prevent societies from social unrest and save the planet and environment from destruction through corporate behaviour. The relationship between corporation and the society is interdependent. Any organisation is largely dependent on social stability and economic condition. In case of international organisation like the high technology organization, it is important to operate in a responsible manner particularly in local community to avoid conflicts and avoid boycotts. However Multi National Companies face problem when respect for local community clash with core value. For example when a company has its core value as equal opportunity for all, this will collide with job for locals. Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility strategies makes good business sense. Profit maximization is not the mantra of start up hight technology firm as it can equally hurt. Only a long-term rather than short term, balanced v iew on profit maximization will be reasonable, and responsible. This makes it evident that Corporate Social Responsibility can provide an opportunity for organisation to improve their long term profit and at the same time benefit wide range of people apart from managers and owners. This ensures sustainability. Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability and Ethics: Corporate Social Responsibility is a major source of competitive advantage. One reason for doing good is to create a good opinion about the company among the society. This creates an intangible asset that is impossible for a competitor to reproduce. Thus we can say Corporate Social Responsibility is a major player in value creation. Another source of competitive advantage is by reducing operating cost. In high technology business, the costs associated with dumping of hardware can be avoided by giving it to the charity. Researchers have found that certain consumers are interested in buying product that adds value to the society. Also there are bunch of investors who prefer investing in companies that has high social responsibility. The High technology start up firm can tap this market by maintaining high level of Corporate Social Responsibility. 75% of consumers declare that they would not buy a product that doesnt have good ethical value or goods produced under bad circumstances. So it is important for the firm to act ethically as major customers consider ethical value. Research has found that certain consumers are even ready to pay a premium for sustainable products. We have seen the benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility but the real problem is the implementation phase and the practical feasibility with such measures. Major decisions needs to be taken not only on what the corporation should engage in but also should measure whether the Corporate Social Responsibility initiative will fail or succeed. A prerequisite for corporate responsibility is availability of resource. This would explain why survey among 1000 companies have shown that 94% believe Corporate Social Responsibility will lead to profit but only 11% were able to implement it. So in the high technology firm that is discussed, care should be taken that we are not falling short of resource as this is a major road block in implementation phase. For a new firm it can be difficult implement CSR because there wont be well established formal structure. Further more they will be in a phase of survival. Corporate climate tells how things are and corporate culture tells as why things are as they are. Both climate and culture are key factors for corporate social responsibility. Conclusion: Corporate Social Responsibility brings sustainability in business. This works well in long run. Also Corporate Social Responsibility provides competitive advantage over the competitors. For a start up high technology firm, structure plays an important role. Without structure, energy and time of resources are often misdirected. Often we fail to find the real cause if the problem. For example sometimes we spend more time and money on training but the real problem is with social architecture rather than peoples attitude and skill. There is no perfect structure. It depends on circumstances and factors like technology, goal, strategy and environment. A structural design might be apt for a particular time and circumstance but more often than not there will be need to change the structure depending on the changes in goal, strategy and environment. Restructuring is important but at the same time it is high risk. In short term it creates more confusion and anxiety. In long run it depends on h ow well it gels with the organisation goal, environment and strategy.